Wikipedia says that "One-place studies are a branch of family history with a focus on the entire population of a single village or community, not just a single, geographically dispersed family line."
The website of the
Register of One-Place Studies adds that "In fact, the study area can be much smaller than a village, for example, a hamlet or a single street - even the systematic research of all those buried in a graveyard or named on a war memorial counts!" Over 2000 places are registered as being studied. The Register is part of
oneplacestudy.org, and their
FAQs include, for example, What is a one place study?.
On the website for the
Society for One-Place Studies (who sponsor this forum) it says that "A one-place study (OPS) considers people and families in their physical and social context in any location across the globe." Studies registered with the society include ones for a single building, a small hamlet, a single street, a group of villages, and part of a town. Read more about
one-place studies here.
You can find a list of many one-place studies in the document attached to the post in this forum about
How existing one-place study websites use maps as well as on the two websites mentioned above.